Multi-Port GaN Chargers: A Mathematical Game of Dynamic Power Allocation

In today’s digital world, the need for charging multiple devices is growing, and multi-port GaN chargers have emerged as a solution. Their key feature is dynamic power allocation technology, which can intelligently adjust the output power of each port when multiple devices are charging simultaneously, achieving efficient and fast charging. This article delves into the technical details and advantages of dynamic power allocation in multi-port GaN chargers.

I. Priority Algorithm: Balancing the Preemption Strategy for Notebooks and Fast Charging Needs of Phones

In scenarios where multiple devices are charging, a major challenge is balancing the preemption strategy for notebooks with the fast charging needs of phones. Multi-port GaN chargers use intelligent priority algorithms to allocate power in real-time based on device type, battery status, and charging requirements.

• Device type recognition and priority setting: The charger’s built-in chip can accurately identify connected devices. Notebooks, with their large battery capacity and high charging power demands, are given a higher priority. When a notebook and phone are charging simultaneously, the charger first provides up to 65W of fast charging power to the notebook to quickly restore its battery. Once the notebook reaches 80% charge, the charger intelligently readjusts the power allocation to provide 27W PD fast charging for the phone, meeting the user’s need for rapid phone charging.
• Advantages in real-world applications: In home office scenarios, users can charge their work notebook and standby phone simultaneously. Test data shows that compared to traditional fixed-power allocation chargers, multi-port GaN chargers reduce notebook charging time by 45 minutes and increase phone charging speed by 30%. The advantage lies in avoiding the issue of traditional chargers having fixed power, which can result in slow notebook charging or prevent phones from fast charging.

II. Power Scheduling Test: Total Loss Rate Performance with Four Ports Output Simultaneously

When multiple devices are charging at the same time, the power loss of the charger is an important indicator of its efficiency. Professional laboratory tests have shown that multi-port GaN chargers perform excellently in terms of total loss rate when four ports are operating at full load.

• Test data and comparison: Test results indicate that a certain brand’s multi-port GaN charger, when outputting 65W + 27W + 18W + 10W from four ports simultaneously, has a total loss rate of 12%. In contrast, traditional multi-port chargers have a total loss rate as high as 25% under the same conditions. This means that multi-port GaN chargers can efficiently convert more electrical energy into usable power for devices, reducing energy waste.
• Technical principles: The charger uses advanced GaN semiconductor materials and high-frequency switching power supply technology. GaN materials, with their high electron mobility, enable the charger to maintain low loss even when operating at high frequencies. High-frequency switching power supply technology effectively reduces current harmonic distortion, further improving energy conversion efficiency and ensuring low loss and high efficiency even when charging multiple devices.

III. Overload Protection Mechanism: Balancing the Blowing Temperature and Power Reduction

Safety is a core consideration for chargers. Multi-port GaN chargers are equipped with a comprehensive overload protection mechanism and perform excellently in balancing blowing temperature and power reduction.

• Multi-level overload protection strategy: The charger is equipped with intelligent temperature control chips and over-current protection circuits. When the output power exceeds 120% of the rated load, the over-current protection circuit is triggered first, instantly reducing the output power to a safe range. If the temperature continues to rise close to the blowing temperature (90℃), the intelligent temperature control chip activates the power reduction mode, gradually lowering the output power of each port to ensure the charger’s temperature remains within a safe range.
• Safety advantages compared to competing products: Compared to some similar products on the market, multi-port GaN chargers have advantages in their overload protection mechanism. Some competitors, in order to reduce costs, only have single fuse protection, which cuts off the circuit directly during overload. While this protects the charger, it can cause sudden power loss to devices, potentially damaging data and batteries. The multi-level protection mechanism of multi-port GaN chargers not only ensures the safety of the charger but also prevents device damage from sudden power loss, providing users with a safer charging experience.

IV. Global Voltage Adaptability: Efficiency Compensation Scheme in 110V Environments

Multi-port GaN chargers are designed to adapt to different voltage standards around the world, particularly in 110V environments where they can effectively compensate for efficiency loss.

• Wide voltage input design and compensation technology: The charger features a wide voltage input design (100 – 240V) and an built-in automatic voltage conversion module. In 110V input environments, this module smartly adjusts internal circuit parameters. Through step-up conversion and power factor correction technology, it boosts and stabilizes the input voltage to a suitable level for charging, compensating for efficiency loss caused by low voltage input.
• Real-world application verification: In travel scenarios abroad, when users use multi-port GaN chargers in regions with 110V voltage, test data shows that compared to ordinary chargers which experience a 40% – 50% drop in charging efficiency in 110V environments, multi-port GaN chargers only see a 15% – 20% decrease in charging efficiency. For example, when charging a notebook, while ordinary chargers extend charging time to 1.8 times the original in 110V environments, multi-port GaN chargers only extend it to 1.2 times, effectively ensuring users can quickly charge their devices in different regions around the world without being affected by voltage differences.

Multi-port GaN chargers, with their intelligent priority algorithms, low-loss power scheduling, comprehensive overload protection, and global voltage adaptability, have become the ideal choice for multi-device charging scenarios. Their technical advantages in dynamic power allocation not only enhance charging efficiency but also ensure charging safety and stability, meeting the diverse charging needs of users in digital life.

Multi-port GaN charger, dynamic power allocation, priority algorithm, power scheduling, overload protection, global voltage adaptability