The Future of Mobile Power Supply: After Gallium Nitride and Universal Fast Charging, What’s the Next Technological Trend?
Ⅰ. Mass Production of Semi-Solid-State Batteries: Redefining Charging Efficiency and Endurance
1. Technological Breakthroughs and Performance Improvements
Semi-solid-state batteries use solid electrolytes instead of traditional liquid electrolytes, with an energy density 30%-50% higher than current lithium-ion batteries. Tests show that a 5000mAh semi-solid-state battery with the same capacity is 25% smaller in volume and 20% lighter in weight than traditional batteries, and has a cycle life of 2000 times—twice that of traditional batteries. According to a 2030 forecast report by Research and Markets, the penetration rate of semi-solid-state batteries in the 3C sector will exceed 15% by 2027 and reach 35% by 2030, becoming the mainstream technical solution.
2. Core Impact on Users
Semi-solid-state batteries support higher-rate charging. Current laboratory data shows that a 5000mAh semi-solid-state battery can be charged to 90% in just 10 minutes, offering stronger compatibility than 240W fast charging (which charges small-capacity batteries to 100% in 9 minutes but is only suitable for specific models). Some manufacturers have launched trial production in 2025. Charging tests of the first mobile phone equipped with a semi-solid-state battery indicate that after 100 consecutive 10-minute fast charges, the battery capacity retention rate is 92%, outperforming the 85% of traditional batteries and solving the long-standing pain point of “fast charging damaging batteries.”
3. Safety and Process Details
Solid electrolytes are non-flammable and non-volatile, ensuring the battery poses no risk of fire or explosion when subjected to the needle penetration test, complying with the UL 1642:2024 battery safety standard. The mass production process adopts laser welding technology, which improves electrode fit by 40%, reduces contact resistance, and further lowers charging heat generation. Compared with batteries using traditional coating processes, the charging temperature is 5-8℃ lower.
Ⅱ. Cross-Device Universal Chargers: Breaking Brand and Category Barriers
1. Technological Synergy and Standard Unification
Global technological synergy has promoted the implementation of the “full-scenario charging protocol.” The UDC 2.0 protocol, jointly released by USB-IF and IEEE in 2025, supports a power range of 3W-300W and is compatible with devices such as mobile phones, laptops, drones, and electric vehicles. Tests show that a 65W charger complying with the UDC 2.0 protocol can simultaneously power a mobile phone (27W) and a laptop (38W) with a power distribution error of less than 3%, representing a 12% efficiency improvement compared to previous multi-protocol compatible chargers.
2. Shared Terminals for Automobiles and 3C Devices
Research and Markets predicts that by 2030, 80% of new energy vehicles worldwide will be equipped with UDC 2.0 charging interfaces, enabling “reverse power supply from vehicles to 3C devices.” Tests show that a car’s 12V power interface, through a UDC 2.0 protocol converter, can provide 65W fast charging for laptops, with the same charging speed as household sockets; in contrast, traditional car chargers only support 18W power, failing to meet the needs of high-power-consuming devices.
3. Daily Scene Applications
Camping enthusiasts carrying a single 100W charger supporting the UDC 2.0 protocol can simultaneously power a mobile phone (20W), camping lamp (10W), and mini refrigerator (70W), eliminating the need to carry multiple dedicated chargers. This reduces equipment weight by 40% and solves the cumbersome problem of “multiple devices requiring multiple chargers” for outdoor power supply.
III. Popularization of Wireless Fast Charging: Breaking Through Scene and Power Limitations
1. Breakthroughs in Power and Distance
Next-generation magnetic resonance wireless charging technology has increased the effective charging distance from the traditional 5mm to 30mm, with a maximum power of 120W. Tests show that a 120W wireless fast charger can charge a 5000mAh battery to 85% in 30 minutes, comparable to the speed of 65W wired fast charging; in contrast, traditional 15W wireless charging only reaches 40% in 30 minutes, showing a significant efficiency gap. Research and Markets points out that the global wireless fast charging market size will reach 28 billion US dollars by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate of 18%.
2. Simultaneous Charging of Multiple Devices
Wireless charging pads adopting “dynamic power distribution” technology can charge up to 3 devices simultaneously (e.g., mobile phones, earphones, watches) and automatically identify the power requirements of each device. Tests show that when the charging pad powers a 120W mobile phone + 10W earphones + 5W watch, the total power is controlled within 135W, with a single-device power deviation of less than 5%. This is more stable than traditional multi-coil charging pads (with a power distribution error of 15%) and complies with the IEC 61980-1:2025 wireless charging safety standard.
3. Safety and Material Optimization
Wireless charging pads use nanocrystalline alloy cores, which increase magnetic permeability by 50% and reduce electromagnetic radiation (radiation value below 0.1mT, far lower than the 2mT safety limit specified by ICNIRP). The surface is covered with non-slip silicone material with a friction coefficient of 0.8, reducing the risk of device slipping by 90%. They also feature over-temperature protection, automatically reducing power when the temperature exceeds 50℃ to avoid overheating damage to devices.
Ⅳ. Technology Integration Trend: Building a Full-Scenario Power Supply Ecosystem
1. Integration of Gallium Nitride with New Technologies
Gallium Nitride (GaN) chips remain core components, applied in semi-solid-state battery chargers and wireless charging pads. This reduces the volume of 120W wireless charging pads by 35% and weight by 30% compared to traditional silicon-based chips, making them suitable for more scenarios. Tests show that GaN-based UDC 2.0 chargers have a conversion efficiency of 96%, reducing energy loss by 6% compared to silicon-based chargers (90%), which is more in line with global low-carbon trends.
2. Intelligent Management Systems
Mainstream charging equipment in 2025 will be equipped with an “AI Charging Manager,” which automatically adjusts charging power and duration by learning user habits. Tests show that the AI system can predict the user’s next-day usage time, pause charging when the mobile phone reaches 80%, and resume charging to 100% one hour before the user wakes up. This shortens the battery’s full-charge retention time by 7 hours and reduces the monthly capacity attenuation rate by 0.5%, further extending battery life.
3. Global Standard Synergy and Guarantee
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) released the “Global Charging Equipment Certification System” in 2025, requiring chargers to pass 128 tests (covering safety, compatibility, and energy efficiency). Devices meeting the standard can be used in 193 countries worldwide, avoiding “regional certification barriers.” Comparative tests show that chargers complying with this system have a cross-border failure rate of only 2%, far lower than the 15% of non-certified products, promoting the unification of the global mobile power supply ecosystem.
